A study found that adults who drink more coffee have a higher rate of lung cancer. Why can the scientists not conclude that drinking coffee causes lung cancer?
The number of adults taking part in the study was much too small
Coffee has not been shown to contain any form of ionising radiation
Adults who drink more coffee may also smoke, and smoking causes cancer
Lung cancer takes many years to develop after coffee is first drunk
179 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Biology 2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems, covering 2.2.1 The human digestive system, 2.2.2 The heart and blood vessels, 2.2.3 Blood, 2.2.4 Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease, 2.2.5 Health issues, 2.2.6 The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases, and 2.2.7 Cancer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.