Identify the body system responsible for transporting substances around the human body, comprising the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Atherosclerosis in coronary arteries is characterized by the accumulation of a specific type of deposit. Name the chemical substance that mainly comprises these deposits.

Explain the physiological importance of maintaining a continuous blood supply specifically to the cardiac muscle tissue.

A common intervention for a partially blocked coronary artery is the insertion of a balloon-expandable metal mesh device. Describe how this device (a stent) works to restore adequate blood flow.

A clinical team is discussing options for a 75-year-old patient with multi-vessel disease. They compare two interventions: balloon-expandable mesh implants (stents) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Table 1 outlines key details for both procedures.

Table 1

Based on Table 1, suggest two reasons why this patient might prefer mesh implants over CABG surgery.

Suggest one clinical reason why the cardiologist might recommend CABG rather than mesh implants for a patient with multiple severe arterial blockages.

Match each cardiac or cardiovascular issue to its appropriate management intervention.

Cardiovascular Issue

• Severely elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
• Disrupted or dangerously slow cardiac conduction rhythm

Management Intervention

• Intravenous adrenaline
• Synthetic pacemaker insertion
• Oral administration of statins
• Beta-blockers