Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that infects cells in the cervix. Scientists followed 20 000 women for 10 years. The table shows their results.
Table: The number of women who developed cervical cancer in 10 years, in a group who tested positive for HPV and a group who tested negative for HPV
| Group | Number of women in the group | Number of women who developed cervical cancer in 10 years |
|---|---|---|
| Tested positive for HPV | 4000 | 96 |
| Tested negative for HPV | 16 000 | 32 |
Calculate how many times more likely a woman who tested positive for HPV was to develop cervical cancer than a woman who tested negative for HPV.
Explain how infection with HPV can lead to cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer is a non-communicable disease, but HPV infection is a communicable disease.
Explain what the results in the table show about the interaction between these two diseases.
179 exam-style questions on AQA GCSE Biology 2.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems, covering 2.2.1 The human digestive system, 2.2.2 The heart and blood vessels, 2.2.3 Blood, 2.2.4 Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease, 2.2.5 Health issues, 2.2.6 The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases, and 2.2.7 Cancer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.