Piliavin et al. conducted a classic investigation into bystander behavior on a New York subway.
Identify two props (items of equipment or personal items) used by the victims to operationalize the 'type of victim' independent variable.
105 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Responses to people in need, covering Piliavin et al. (1969): Subway Samaritan and Levine et al. (2001): Cross-cultural altruism. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.