A sports psychologist is researching the effect of mental imagery on athletic performance. Which of the following statements represents an operationalised, non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis for this study?
There will be a difference in the athletic performance of athletes who use mental imagery compared to those who do not.
Athletes who practice mental imagery for 202020 minutes daily will achieve faster 100 m100\text{ m}100 m sprint times (in seconds) than athletes who do not practice mental imagery.
There will be a significant difference in the 100 m100\text{ m}100 m sprint times (in seconds) of athletes who practice mental imagery for 202020 minutes daily compared to those who do not.
There will be no significant difference in the 100 m100\text{ m}100 m sprint times (in seconds) of athletes who practice mental imagery for 202020 minutes daily compared to those who do not.
644 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Research methods and techniques. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.