e,"parts":[{"id":"57109828-955d-4f0b-a429-186dfd69be79","label":null,"content":"Identify **two** ethical issues that the researchers must consider when designing and conducting this scientific study. For each issue, explain one specific way in which the researchers can address or resolve it.","markscheme":"- Identifies a first valid ethical issue (e.g., Informed Consent, Protection from Harm, Confidentiality/Anonymity, Right to Withdraw) B1\n- Explains a basic method to address or resolve this first issue M1\n- Provides a detailed or contextualised explanation of how this method resolves the first issue (e.g., providing a comprehensive information sheet and obtaining signed consent prior to starting, or offering regular medical check-ups and access to counseling if adverse reactions occur) A1\n- Identifies a second, distinct valid ethical issue B1\n- Explains a basic method to address or resolve this second issue M1\n- Provides a detailed or contextualised explanation of how this method resolves the second issue (e.g., using participant ID codes/pseudonyms instead of real names in all records, or explicitly informing participants of their right to withdraw themselves and their medical data at any stage of the trial) A1","marks":6,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"f7535def-0839-4519-8b28-04158011511d","revisionId":"1d79ba0c-829a-4ec8-90cc-f0c2bdcc5b12","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"","difficulty":5,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":3,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"06203645-5729-4bef-9843-f73735e4c84b","label":null,"content":"Explain how the educational researcher could have obtained a random sample of 20 Year 12 students and a random sample of 20 Year 13 students for this study.","markscheme":"- Identifies the need to obtain separate, complete lists (sampling frames) of all Year 12 and all Year 13 students B1\n- Explains how each student in both groups is allocated a unique identifier (e.g. a number from $1$ to $N$) B1\n- Explains an unbiased selection method (e.g. using a random number generator, a random number table, or drawing names/numbers out of a hat) to select exactly $20$ unique students from each of the two groups B1","marks":3,"order":0,"markingRubric":null,"tableImages":[],"explanation":null,"options":[]}],"options":[],"explanation":null,"firstAttemptFullMarks":null,"walkthroughVideo":null},{"id":"f788c067-52be-4571-bd14-9ed8204a7fb1","revisionId":"e9b11939-bde5-4862-9aeb-725fe2b17882","questionNumber":null,"questionType":"LA","specification":"An environmental scientist is monitoring microplastic contamination levels in freshwater mussels across two distinct zones of a nature reserve's lake.\n\nZone A (shallow shoreline) has a population of 540 mussels, and Zone B (deep benthic zone) has a population of 360 mussels. The scientist wants to obtain a stratified sample of 80 mussels to assess tissue contamination.","difficulty":6,"difficultyBand":"medium","totalMarks":4,"sourceTitle":null,"calculatorUse":null,"isCalculation":false,"parts":[{"id":"e6f95301-e405-4fae-89d3-983530b6ff86","label":null,"content":"Explain how the scientist should obtain the stratified sample of 80 mussels from the two different zones of the lake.","markscheme":"- Calculates the correct proportional sample size for each zone: Total population is $540 + 360 = 900$. Calculates $\\frac{540}{900} \\times 80 = 48$ mussels from Zone A, and $\\frac{360}{900} \\times 80 = 32$ mussels from Zone B B1\n- Describes establishing a sampling frame: Obtain or construct a complete list (sampling frame) of all 540 mussels in Zone A, and a separate list of all 360 mussels in Zone B. Assign a unique identifying number to each member in both lists B1\n- Describes a valid random s

Scientific processes

Question 354

Scientific processes Questions

Scientific processes

Question 354

Scientific processes Questions