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Scientific processes

Scientific processes

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Question 1

Study Description: Cocoa Polyphenols and Arterial Stiffness

A sports scientist wanted to investigate whether consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate improves post-exercise arterial stiffness in distance runners. Previous research suggests that dietary polyphenols enhance nitric oxide production, which may reduce arterial stiffness after high-intensity exercise.

The researcher used a repeated measures design with a sample of 18 competitive club-level distance runners.

  • Condition X: Participants consumed a 40g bar of high-polyphenol dark chocolate 1 hour before completing a standardized 5km treadmill run.
  • Condition Y: Participants consumed a 40g bar of conventional white chocolate (calorie-matched, negligible polyphenol content) 1 hour before completing the identical 5km treadmill run.

Immediately after each run, the researcher measured the participants' arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) in meters per second (m/s\text{m/s}m/s), where lower values indicate more flexible arteries.

Explain why a repeated measures design was more appropriate than an independent groups design in this study.

[2]
Markscheme

Scientific processes Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Psychology
  3. /Scientific processes

689 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Scientific processes. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.

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