Scientific processes

A educational researcher wanted to investigate whether listening to background music affects reading comprehension in university students.

The researcher used a repeated measures design with 24 undergraduate participants.

Condition A: Participants read an academic article while listening to classical background music for 15 minutes.
Condition B: The same participants read an equivalent academic article in complete silence for 15 minutes.

At the end of each condition, participants completed a 10-item comprehension test.

To control for order effects, the researcher decided to counterbalance the participants across the two conditions.

Describe how the researcher could have counterbalanced the participants across the experimental conditions.

[3]

A educational researcher wanted to investigate whether listening to background music affects reading comprehension in university students.

The researcher used a repeated measures design with 24 undergraduate participants.

Condition A: Participants read an academic article while listening to classical background music for 15 minutes.
Condition B: The same participants read an equivalent academic article in complete silence for 15 minutes.

At the end of each condition, participants completed a 10-item comprehension test.

To control for order effects, the researcher decided to counterbalance the participants across the two conditions.

Scientific processes

Scientific processes Questions