A psychologist investigated the relationship between daily smartphone screen use and sleep quality among undergraduate students at a university. The psychologist posted an invitation on the student union’s online forum. Twelve students responded, agreeing to track their usage and complete a sleep questionnaire.
Smartphone screen use was measured as the average minutes of active screen time per day over a one-week period using the students' built-in screen time applications. Sleep quality was self-reported using a questionnaire with scores ranging from 1 to 20, where a higher score indicates better sleep.
Write a suitable operationalised non-directional hypothesis for this investigation.
689 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Scientific processes. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.