A sports scientist is investigating whether there is a difference in the post-exercise blood lactate levels of middle-distance runners who wear a newly designed high-tension compression sleeve compared to those who wear standard athletic gear.
Previous literature on the physiological impacts of similar compression garments has yielded highly contradictory and inconclusive results.
Should the hypothesis for this study be directional or non-directional?
Explain your answer.
689 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Scientific processes. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.