t-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/16rg_4fc.tboh.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/0gb0hsyesaojy.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/0fv.isp.n05qf.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/0ets~720cedz1.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/05m.~2lhurf79.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/114y8hk363nlj.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/055o43hu.7muk.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122","/_next/static/chunks/023yop42dw50-.js?dpl=nogit-1787642122"],"TopicQuestionBank"] 42:T5aa,- Defines family dysfunction as abnormal patterns of communication, high conflict, and cold/controlling relationships within a family B1 - Describes Double-Bind Theory (Bateson), where children receive contradictory messages from parents, resulting in a confusing 'no-win' perception of reality B1 - Describes Expressed Emotion (EE), characterized by high verbal criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement, which acts as a major source of stress B1 - Describes the concept of a cold, rejecting, and controlling parent (historically the schizophrenogenic mother) who creates a tense and distrusting atmosphere B1 - Links Double-Bind to Maya: her father demands she "open up" (verbal request) but snaps at her when she does (punishment for obeying) A1 - Links Double-Bind to Maya: her father physically rejects her hug (non-verbal cue) but verbally accuses her of being "cold and distant" (verbal cue), presenting a contradictory message A1 - Links Expressed Emotion to Maya: her father's constant criticism ("constantly pointing out my flaws") and hostility ("complete disappointment") create a highly stressful environment where she is "constantly on edge" A1 - Links the cold/controlling parent style to Maya: her father is explicitly described as "very cold and controlling," fostering a high-tension family dynamic A143:T4c6,**Outline of Cognitive Explanations (Up to 3 marks):** - States that cognitive explanations focus on dysfunctional thought processing, suggesting that schizophrenia is caused by disruptions to normal mental processing. B1 - Outlines metarepresentation dysfunction (the failure to monitor our own thoughts and actions), which explains delusions of control and auditory hallucinations. B1 - Outlines central control dysfunction (the inability to suppress automatic speech/thought triggers), which explains disorganised thinking and speech poverty. B1 **(Outline of One Limitation - Up to 3 marks):** - Identifies a limitation of the cognitive explanation (e.g., it offers proximal rather than distal explanations, or cannot establish clear cause-and-effect). M1 - Develops the limitation by explaining that while cognitive theories explain *how* symptoms like hallucinations happen, they do not explain the origin of the cognitive deficit (the *why*). A1 - Concludes the limitation, noting that without linking to biological factors, the cognitive approach remains incomplete as an explanation of the etiology of schizophrenia. A144:T4de,- Outlines a key concept of family dysfunction, such as Bateson's **double-bind theory** (contradictory messages), Fromm-Reichmann's **schizophrenogenic mother** (cold, dominant parenting style), or **expressed emotion (EE)** (high levels of criticism and hostility) B1 - Elaborates on the details of the explanation (e.g., how contradictory verbal and non-verbal communication leads to a fractured understanding of reality) B1 - Explains how these family dynamics manifest as symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., paranoia arising from a secretive and tense household, or high EE acting as a stressor triggering relapse) B1 - Outlines a clear limitation of this explanation, such as the **ethical issue of parent-blaming**, reliance on **retrospective evidence**, or **issues of causality** B1 - Elaborates on the chosen

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia

Question 3

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Questions

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia

Question 3

Psychological explanations for schizophrenia Questions