nervous system during a stress response B1 - Identifies that SCR distinguishes between baseline (tonic) conductance and fluctuating (phasic) conductance in response to specific stressors using electrodes on the fingers B1 - Explains that hormonal measures assess the activity of the HPA axis by measuring cortisol levels, or the SAM pathway by measuring adrenaline B1 - Outlines that cortisol can be collected and measured through biological samples such as saliva, blood, or urine over a period of time B1 - Discusses the advantage of objectivity and scientific rigor, as physiological measures are not subject to self-report biases or social desirability C1 - Discusses the limitation of low specificity, as physiological indicators like sweat and heart rate measure general autonomic arousal rather than stress specifically (e.g., excitement, fear) C1 - Critiques the influence of individual differences, noting that baseline physiological rates vary greatly between individuals, complicating direct comparisons C1 - Identifies confounding environmental and physiological variables, such as ambient temperature, caffeine intake, or circadian rhythm fluctuations (e.g., cortisol awakening response) C147:Tb43,- Identifies and describes at least one self-report measure of stress, such as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) or the Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HSUP) B1 - Explains the underlying construct measured (e.g. major life changes for SRRS, daily stressors and positive micro-events for HSUP) B1 - Details the method of scoring (e.g. cumulative Life Change Units for SRRS, frequency and severity ratings of daily hassles/uplifts for HSUP) B1 - Explains how scores relate to stress outcomes (e.g. an SRRS score $\ge 300$ is associated with an increased risk of physical illness) B1 - Outlines the self-report methodology, such as retrospective checking of events over a set period (e.g. 12 months) B1 - Uses precise and accurate psychological terminology to describe the features of the chosen self-report measure(s) B1 - Compares objectivity: physiological measures (such as skin conductance response or cortisol levels) are highly objective and empirical, whereas self-reports are subjective A1 - Compares vulnerability to cognitive bias: self-reports are prone to social desirability bias and retrospective memory recall errors, which physiological measures avoid A1 - Identifies physical confounding variables: physiological measures can be distorted by external factors (e.g. caffeine, exercise, temperature, illness), whereas self-reports are not affected by physical state A1 - Compares construct validity (cognitive vs. biological): self-reports measure psychological appraisal and cognitive load, whereas physiological measures capture immediate autonomic/endocrine response (SAM/HPA activation) A1 - Explains that physiological measures do not easily differentiate between positive and negative stress/arousal, unlike self-report measures which explicitly ask about the nature of the stressor A1 - Compares cost-effectiveness: self-reports are cheap, easy to print/distribute to large samples, and require minimal resources, unlike expensive laboratory tests A1 - Compares training and expertise: physiological tests require specialized lab equipment and trained personnel, whereas self-reports can be easily completed and scored by non-specialists A1 - Compares invasiveness: physiological tests (e.g. blood samples) can be physically invasive, potentially causing stress (the 'white coat' effect) which may distort results, unlike non-invasive questionnaires A1 - Evaluates the benefit of combining both methods (triangulation) to capture both the psychological perception and biological reality of stress A1 - Presents a we

Measuring stress

Question 2

Measuring stress Questions

Measuring stress

Question 2

Measuring stress Questions