Tobias spent the first three years of his life in an understaffed orphanage abroad, where he had multiple rotating caregivers and very little cognitive stimulation or emotional warmth. He was then adopted by a family in the UK. Now, at age 8, Tobias struggles to form close relationships, treats complete strangers with the same high level of affection as his adoptive parents, and has been identified as having cognitive delays.
With reference to the case of Tobias, discuss the effects of institutionalisation and/or maternal deprivation.
34 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Maternal deprivation and institutionalisation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.