In countries like Ethiopia and Rwanda, governments have built modern industrial parks aiming to replicate East Asia's export-led manufacturing miracle. However, the modern manufacturing sector is increasingly adopting capital-intensive automated technologies to remain globally competitive. While these factories boost manufacturing GDP, they require highly specialized technical skills and far fewer workers than the labor-intensive textile mills of the 20th century. As a result, millions of subsistence farmers migrating to urban areas find themselves unable to secure formal factory jobs, instead entering the low-productivity urban informal service sector.
Explain what is meant by the Lewis model of structural change. Refer to Extract C in your answer.
