| Year | Productivity if pre-2008 trend had continued (Index) | Actual German labour productivity (Index) |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 100 | 100 |
| 2014 | 105 | 102 |
| 2017 | 111 | 104 |
| 2019 | 115 | 105 |
| 2021 | 119 | 104 |
| 2023 | 124 | 106 |
Apart from a slowdown in business research and development (R&D) spending, examine one reason for the trend in German labour productivity over the period shown in Figure 4.
