The process of selective reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the kidney shares several physiological mechanisms with the absorption of digested nutrients in the small intestine.
Describe the similarities and differences between selective reabsorption in the PCT and the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. [6]**
A patient's kidney health can be monitored by calculating their estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). This calculation is often based on the concentration of creatinine in the blood, which is a breakdown product of muscle creatine phosphate.
Identify two patient-specific factors (other than kidney health) that must be considered when calculating eGFR from blood creatinine levels, and explain how each factor affects blood creatinine concentration.
Under normal conditions, certain components of the blood are prevented from entering the nephron. Explain why the presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine is an indicator of glomerular damage.