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To add and subtract negative numbers we can use a number line.
When we add we move to the right and when we subtract we move to the left.

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Example 1:
-3 + 5

The first number is the starting point. We start at -3.
We are adding so we are moving to the right.
We move 5 spaces to the right.
-3 + 5 = 2

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Example 2:
-2 - 6

The first number is the starting point. We start at -2.
We are subtracting so we are moving to the left.
We move 6 spaces to the left.
-2 - 6 = -8

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Example 3:
-4 + -5

The first number is the starting point. We start at -4.
We are adding so we are moving to the right.
We move -5 spaces to the right (this means we move 5 spaces to the left)
-4 + -5 = -9

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Example 4:
2 - -5

The first number is the starting point. We start at 2.
We are subtracting so we are moving to the left.
We move -5 spaces to the left (this means we move 5 spaces to the right)
2 - -5 = 7

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Try these:

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When we multiply negative numbers we use the rules:
Positive × Positive = Positive
Positive × Negative = Negative
Negative × Positive = Negative
Negative × Negative = Positive

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The rules for multiplying and dividing negative numbers are the same:
Positive ÷ Positive = Positive
Positive ÷ Negative = Negative
Negative ÷ Positive = Negative
Negative ÷ Negative = Positive

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Example 5:
-6 × 2

6 × 2 = 12
Negative × Positive = Negative
-6 × 2 = -12

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Example 6:
7 × -5

7 × 5 = 35
Positive × Negative = Negative
7 × -5 = -35

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Example 7:
-9 × -4

9 × 4 = 36
Negative × Negative = Positive.
-9 × -4 = 36

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Try these: