Private and Social Costs and Benefits
Private and Social Costs and Benefits
An externality is a spillover cost or benefit from production or consumption that affects third parties who are not directly involved in the market transaction. It creates a difference between private values, considered by buyers or firms, and social values, which include effects on wider society.
Step-by-step lessons on CIE Intl A Level Economics 7.4.4 positive and negative externalities of both consumption and production. Each one builds up to exam-style questions.