32:I[196793,["/_next/static/chunks/075vy1fh16gh5.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/060-i_62-vse1.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2yhf9vq09dqoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/316m85d5s15pp.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_itvjgqsumf8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/33xgs57_c1jx_.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/32qmkt01ta8b2.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bbv7o2-m-0ni.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/097slu7xaeast.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/117yqm55h4y_p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2eoustw-nfu98.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3hkl04r--3y18.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0gvj8_2lj8s8m.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ydqdr10ndcei.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ekz38h993cj8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0mgw5qzpc_1eu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/09_ag440ieydu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3_o3al2nkyqic.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2z-64g1onu4uw.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/00ol_16j3a2oa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0odk_0my0_b5-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0dbk553rgd90s.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0aq3eylxphp57.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2srfni4gkx9g6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3k8iy5tn80za8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2hccrcvndngge.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bt82o91jhwht.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1nnw6yom6-qhh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_vtmw66zj1j7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0ep4vrgb00zlb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2s1hkstzlmj2o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2wp4esku6l29e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1__39-dgg7p8-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2gb4dscyul4eg.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1y5xmyjgu8grb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0kpd0j3i_7yor.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0sf7rskx57j6y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ghbpnibq2fva.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505"],"Gingerbread"] 34:I[647935,["/_next/static/chunks/075vy1fh16gh5.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/060-i_62-vse1.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2yhf9vq09dqoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/316m85d5s15pp.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_itvjgqsumf8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/33xgs57_c1jx_.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/32qmkt01ta8b2.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bbv7o2-m-0ni.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/097slu7xaeast.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/117yqm55h4y_p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2eoustw-nfu98.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3hkl04r--3y18.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0gvj8_2lj8s8m.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ydqdr10ndcei.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ekz38h993cj8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0mgw5qzpc_1eu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/09_ag440ieydu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3_o3al2nkyqic.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2z-64g1onu4uw.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/00ol_16j3a2oa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0odk_0my0_b5-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0dbk553rgd90s.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0aq3eylxphp57.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2srfni4gkx9g6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3k8iy5tn80za8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2hccrcvndngge.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bt82o91jhwht.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1nnw6yom6-qhh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_vtmw66zj1j7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0ep4vrgb00zlb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2s1hkstzlmj2o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2wp4esku6l29e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1__39-dgg7p8-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2gb4dscyul4eg.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1y5xmyjgu8grb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0kpd0j3i_7yor.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0sf7rskx57j6y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ghbpnibq2fva.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505"],"RecordResourceResume"] 35:I[830476,["/_next/static/chunks/075vy1fh16gh5.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/060-i_62-vse1.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2yhf9vq09dqoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/316m85d5s15pp.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_itvjgqsumf8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/33xgs57_c1jx_.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/32qmkt01ta8b2.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bbv7o2-m-0ni.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/097slu7xaeast.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/117yqm55h4y_p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2eoustw-nfu98.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3hkl04r--3y18.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0gvj8_2lj8s8m.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ydqdr10ndcei.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ekz38h993cj8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0mgw5qzpc_1eu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/09_ag440ieydu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3_o3al2nkyqic.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2z-64g1onu4uw.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/00ol_16j3a2oa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0odk_0my0_b5-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0dbk553rgd90s.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0aq3eylxphp57.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2srfni4gkx9g6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3k8iy5tn80za8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2hccrcvndngge.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bt82o91jhwht.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1nnw6yom6-qhh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_vtmw66zj1j7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0ep4vrgb00zlb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2s1hkstzlmj2o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2wp4esku6l29e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1__39-dgg7p8-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2gb4dscyul4eg.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1y5xmyjgu8grb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0kpd0j3i_7yor.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0sf7rskx57j6y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ghbpnibq2fva.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505"],"FlashcardAccessBranch"] 36:I[315438,["/_next/static/chunks/075vy1fh16gh5.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/060-i_62-vse1.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2yhf9vq09dqoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/316m85d5s15pp.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_itvjgqsumf8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/33xgs57_c1jx_.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/32qmkt01ta8b2.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bbv7o2-m-0ni.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/097slu7xaeast.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/117yqm55h4y_p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2eoustw-nfu98.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3hkl04r--3y18.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0gvj8_2lj8s8m.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ydqdr10ndcei.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2ekz38h993cj8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0mgw5qzpc_1eu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/09_ag440ieydu.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3_o3al2nkyqic.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2z-64g1onu4uw.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/00ol_16j3a2oa.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0odk_0my0_b5-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0dbk553rgd90s.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0aq3eylxphp57.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2srfni4gkx9g6.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3k8iy5tn80za8.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2hccrcvndngge.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1bt82o91jhwht.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1nnw6yom6-qhh.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2_vtmw66zj1j7.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0ep4vrgb00zlb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2s1hkstzlmj2o.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2wp4esku6l29e.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1__39-dgg7p8-.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2gb4dscyul4eg.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1y5xmyjgu8grb.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0kpd0j3i_7yor.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/0sf7rskx57j6y.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/3ghbpnibq2fva.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790195505"],"TopicFlashcardRunner"] 23:[["$","$L32",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L33",["$","$L34",null,{"href":"/international-a-level/economics/cie/determinants-of-demand/flashcards","label":"2.1.3 determinants of demand","subjectCode":"international_a_level_economics__cie","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L35",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L36",null,{"decks":[{"id":"314584db-ddf2-4e2b-a4f6-6ea379a0a22c","title":"2.1.3 determinants of demand Flashcards","topicId":"18ea216c-10e5-414d-895e-ac2258b4e2e3","topicSlug":"determinants-of-demand","cards":[{"id":"28e58dd1-48b1-48fe-87da-e206da91eb29","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to demand when the good's own price changes?","back":"The buyer moves along a fixed demand curve.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The buyer moves along a fixed demand curve.","correct":true,"explanation":"A change in the good’s own price changes quantity demanded, so the buyer moves between points on the existing demand curve."},{"text":"The whole demand curve shifts right.","correct":false,"explanation":"A rightward shift results from a favourable change in another determinant, such as income or preferences. The good’s own price causes movement along the fixed curve."},{"text":"The whole demand curve shifts left.","correct":false,"explanation":"A leftward shift results from an unfavourable change in a non-price determinant. A change in the good’s own price changes quantity demanded along the existing curve."},{"text":"The demand curve becomes perfectly elastic.","correct":false,"explanation":"Price changes do not automatically alter elasticity. They change quantity demanded along the existing demand curve, while elasticity describes responsiveness to price changes."}]},{"id":"8c813709-0375-48fb-a7df-12f49c12b61f","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to demand when a determinant other than the good's own price changes?","back":"The whole demand curve shifts because quantity demanded changes at every price.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The whole demand curve shifts because quantity demanded changes at every price.","correct":true,"explanation":"A change in income, preferences, related goods’ prices, expectations, or buyers changes demand at every possible price, shifting the whole curve."},{"text":"The buyer moves along a fixed demand curve because only quantity demanded changes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Movement along a fixed curve occurs only when the good’s own price changes. Other determinants alter demand at every price and shift the whole curve."},{"text":"The demand curve becomes steeper because price changes have a greater effect.","correct":false,"explanation":"A determinant change shifts the curve without necessarily changing its slope. Steepness concerns price elasticity, not the general level of demand."},{"text":"The supply curve shifts because producers change their output decisions.","correct":false,"explanation":"Determinants such as income and preferences affect consumers’ demand. Supply shifts arise from producer-side factors including costs, technology, or taxation."}]},{"id":"e6c525c3-e286-4eb4-8cc4-84becd03a1b2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which direction does a favourable change in a demand condition shift the demand curve?","back":"It shifts demand right.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It shifts demand right.","correct":true,"explanation":"A favourable demand condition, such as higher income for a normal good or stronger preferences, increases demand at every price and shifts the curve right."},{"text":"It shifts demand left.","correct":false,"explanation":"A leftward shift represents falling demand from an unfavourable condition. Favourable conditions increase the quantity demanded at every price, producing a rightward shift."},{"text":"It causes movement down the curve.","correct":false,"explanation":"Movement along the curve results from a change in the good’s own price. A favourable non-price condition changes demand at every price instead."},{"text":"It leaves the demand curve unchanged.","correct":false,"explanation":"A favourable demand condition increases demand, so the curve must shift. The curve remains unchanged only when non-price determinants do not change."}]},{"id":"9698292b-705c-4570-b6b7-76e855c8726a","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which direction does an unfavourable change in a demand condition shift the demand curve?","back":"It shifts demand left.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It shifts demand left.","correct":true,"explanation":"An unfavourable demand condition, such as lower income for a normal good or weaker preferences, reduces demand at every price and shifts the curve left."},{"text":"It shifts demand right.","correct":false,"explanation":"A rightward shift indicates increased demand caused by a favourable condition. An unfavourable condition reduces demand at every price, shifting the curve left."},{"text":"It causes movement up the curve.","correct":false,"explanation":"Movement along the curve follows a change in the good’s own price. An unfavourable non-price condition shifts the entire demand curve left."},{"text":"It makes quantity demanded unchanged at every price.","correct":false,"explanation":"An unfavourable condition reduces demand at each price, so quantity demanded is lower throughout. Unchanged quantities would imply no demand determinant had altered."}]},{"id":"4dc4f548-4218-4262-9e15-56dbabbdba17","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A normal good is one whose demand [ ] as income rises.","back":"A normal good is one whose demand rises as income rises.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"rises","correct":true,"explanation":"For a normal good, demand has a positive relationship with income: higher income increases consumers’ ability and willingness to buy it."},{"text":"falls","correct":false,"explanation":"Falling demand as income rises defines an inferior good. Normal goods have a positive income relationship, so their demand increases when incomes increase."},{"text":"stays constant","correct":false,"explanation":"Constant demand would mean no income responsiveness. A normal good is specifically identified by demand increasing as consumers’ incomes rise."},{"text":"fluctuates randomly","correct":false,"explanation":"Normal-good demand follows a positive income relationship rather than changing unpredictably. Higher income generally raises demand, assuming other relevant conditions remain unchanged."}]},{"id":"6febd454-fb95-4d3c-b97d-f4af8bf77a80","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does higher income affect demand for an inferior good?","back":"Demand falls as buyers switch to preferred alternatives.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Demand falls as buyers switch to preferred alternatives.","correct":true,"explanation":"An inferior good is demanded less when income rises because consumers can afford alternatives they prefer, reducing demand for the inferior product."},{"text":"Demand rises as buyers purchase more of it.","correct":false,"explanation":"Rising demand with income describes a normal good. For an inferior good, increased purchasing power encourages consumers to switch towards preferred alternatives."},{"text":"Demand stays constant as income changes.","correct":false,"explanation":"An inferior good has a negative income relationship, so its demand changes when income changes. Constant demand would indicate no income effect."},{"text":"Demand falls only when its own price rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"That describes movement along a demand curve caused by the good’s own price. Inferior-good demand falls when income rises, even if its own price is unchanged."}]},{"id":"46408fee-cab1-4639-83ed-31f9d7757bcc","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A good that can be used in place of another is called a [ ].","back":"A good that can be used in place of another is called a substitute.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"substitute","correct":true,"explanation":"Substitute goods meet similar needs, allowing consumers to replace one with the other, such as tea and coffee or competing brands."},{"text":"complement","correct":false,"explanation":"Complementary goods are used together, such as printers and ink. A substitute instead provides an alternative that can replace another good."},{"text":"normal good","correct":false,"explanation":"A normal good is classified by how demand responds to income. The term for a good used in place of another is substitute."},{"text":"inferior good","correct":false,"explanation":"An inferior good is one whose demand falls as income rises. This describes income responsiveness, not whether one good can replace another."}]},{"id":"c94de57c-d647-4371-bd24-99df6c1ae983","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A good bought and used alongside another is called a [ ].","back":"A good bought and used alongside another is called a complement.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"complement","correct":true,"explanation":"Complementary goods are consumed together, so demand for one is connected to the price and availability of the other, such as cars and fuel."},{"text":"substitute","correct":false,"explanation":"Substitutes can replace one another because they meet similar needs. Goods bought and used together are complements."},{"text":"normal good","correct":false,"explanation":"A normal good is defined by demand rising with income. The term for goods consumed alongside each other is complement."},{"text":"inferior good","correct":false,"explanation":"An inferior good is defined by demand falling as income rises. It is not a term describing goods used together."}]},{"id":"a731befb-c2be-426d-8ffe-c5120f3d37ca","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does a rise in the price of a substitute affect demand for the good?","back":"It raises demand as buyers switch towards the good.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It raises demand as buyers switch towards the good.","correct":true,"explanation":"When a substitute becomes more expensive, consumers switch towards this good, increasing its demand at each price and shifting its demand curve right."},{"text":"It lowers demand as buyers switch away from the good.","correct":false,"explanation":"A substitute’s higher price makes this good relatively more attractive, encouraging switching towards it. Demand therefore rises rather than falls."},{"text":"It leaves demand unchanged because only its own price matters.","correct":false,"explanation":"Prices of substitutes are demand determinants. A higher substitute price changes relative attractiveness and can increase demand for this good without changing its own price."},{"text":"It raises supply as firms increase production.","correct":false,"explanation":"The price of a substitute affects consumers’ demand for this good, not directly its supply. The expected result is higher demand, represented by a rightward shift."}]},{"id":"d37ca769-39e9-4c83-b683-c7eba49a7b17","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does a rise in the price of a complement affect demand for the good?","back":"It lowers demand because the goods are bought together.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It lowers demand because the goods are bought together.","correct":true,"explanation":"A complement is used with the good. When its price rises, buying the combination becomes less attractive, reducing demand for this good."},{"text":"It raises demand because buyers switch towards the good.","correct":false,"explanation":"Switching towards a good occurs when the price of a substitute rises. A complement’s higher price makes using both goods less attractive, lowering demand."},{"text":"It leaves demand unchanged because its price is unrelated.","correct":false,"explanation":"The price of a complement is related to demand because the goods are consumed together. A higher complementary price generally reduces demand for this good."},{"text":"It lowers supply because firms reduce output.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is a consumer-side effect on demand, not a direct producer-side effect on supply. The higher complement price lowers demand for the good."}]},{"id":"937d2ee9-8dd3-4ee8-829b-918f2d85fdce","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can advertising or branding affect demand?","back":"They can shift preferences, raising demand when the good becomes more fashionable.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They can shift preferences, raising demand when the good becomes more fashionable.","correct":true,"explanation":"Advertising and branding can change consumers’ tastes and perceived desirability. If the product becomes more fashionable, demand increases at every price."},{"text":"They can shift income, raising demand when wages increase.","correct":false,"explanation":"Advertising may influence preferences, but it does not directly raise consumers’ incomes or purchasing power. Income changes are a separate demand determinant."},{"text":"They can shift supply, lowering demand when production expands.","correct":false,"explanation":"Advertising and branding primarily influence consumers’ preferences and demand. Production changes affect supply and do not describe the main advertising effect here."},{"text":"They can shift price, causing movement along the curve.","correct":false,"explanation":"Advertising can shift demand by changing preferences. A change in the good’s own price causes movement along the curve, rather than explaining the advertising effect."}]},{"id":"f7423aba-20b6-47eb-a027-85a82fea6db2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does a good going viral on social media affect its demand?","back":"It can shift demand sharply right within weeks.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It can shift demand sharply right within weeks.","correct":true,"explanation":"Viral attention can rapidly improve preferences and awareness, increasing demand at every price and shifting the demand curve right over a short period."},{"text":"It can shift demand sharply left within weeks.","correct":false,"explanation":"Positive viral attention usually makes a product more desirable and raises demand. A leftward shift would require adverse publicity or falling preferences."},{"text":"It can move quantity demanded down the curve within weeks.","correct":false,"explanation":"A social-media trend changes preferences, a non-price determinant, so the whole demand curve shifts. Movement along the curve requires a change in the good’s own price."},{"text":"It can leave demand unchanged while only supply changes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Viral popularity directly affects consumer awareness and preferences, so demand can change significantly. Supply is not the only market variable affected."}]},{"id":"bdac2c3f-83fc-4c08-9e08-166fb8de4ffc","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does an increase in the number of buyers affect demand?","back":"It raises demand because more people can purchase the good.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It raises demand because more people can purchase the good.","correct":true,"explanation":"An increase in the number of potential buyers increases market demand, since more consumers are available to purchase the good at each price."},{"text":"It lowers demand because buyers face greater competition.","correct":false,"explanation":"More buyers increase the number of potential purchases. Competition between buyers may affect price, but it does not reduce the market demand curve in this case."},{"text":"It leaves demand unchanged because individual demand is fixed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Market demand is the total of individual demands. Even if each existing buyer’s demand is unchanged, adding buyers raises total market demand."},{"text":"It raises supply because firms produce for more people.","correct":false,"explanation":"The number of buyers is a demand determinant. Firms may respond by increasing supply later, but the immediate curve shift described is higher demand."}]},{"id":"97337dce-2d05-4169-ac78-b8c2c49fd6a0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can population structure affect demand?","back":"Growth in the relevant age group raises demand for goods it purchases.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Growth in the relevant age group raises demand for goods it purchases.","correct":true,"explanation":"Population structure affects the composition of consumers. A larger age group creates more potential buyers for goods and services particularly associated with that group."},{"text":"Growth in the relevant age group lowers demand for goods it purchases.","correct":false,"explanation":"A larger relevant age group means more potential consumers, normally increasing demand for its associated goods. Falling demand would require another adverse determinant."},{"text":"Growth in the total population always raises demand for every good.","correct":false,"explanation":"Population structure matters because different age groups demand different products. A larger total population does not automatically increase demand for every good equally."},{"text":"Growth in the relevant age group raises supply for goods it purchases.","correct":false,"explanation":"The age composition of buyers is a demand determinant. It may influence firms’ supply decisions indirectly, but its direct effect is on demand."}]},{"id":"eae31c31-0a67-49c0-93ea-d7e6848c746b","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can an ageing population raise demand for care homes and prescription medicines?","back":"There are more people in the relevant age group requiring these goods and services.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"There are more people in the relevant age group requiring these goods and services.","correct":true,"explanation":"Ageing increases the number of consumers likely to need care and medicines, raising demand because these products are strongly associated with older age groups."},{"text":"There are fewer people in the relevant age group requiring these goods and services.","correct":false,"explanation":"An ageing population means the older relevant group is larger, not smaller. More people are likely to require age-related care and prescription medicines."},{"text":"There are more people in the relevant age group supplying these goods and services.","correct":false,"explanation":"The effect described concerns consumers’ need for care and medicines, so it raises demand. A larger workforce would relate more directly to supply."},{"text":"There are more people in every age group requiring these goods and services.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ageing specifically changes the proportion of older people; it does not imply growth in every age group. The relevant older group drives this demand increase."}]},{"id":"8ad788eb-157e-420b-baf6-f0c16ab55fcc","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How do expectations of higher future prices affect current demand?","back":"Current demand rises as buyers bring purchases forward.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Current demand rises as buyers bring purchases forward.","correct":true,"explanation":"Expecting a future price rise encourages consumers to buy sooner, increasing current demand even though the expected price change has not yet occurred."},{"text":"Current demand falls as buyers delay purchases.","correct":false,"explanation":"Buyers delay when they expect lower future prices. Expected higher prices create an incentive to purchase earlier, raising current demand."},{"text":"Current demand stays constant until the price actually rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"Expectations influence present decisions before the anticipated event occurs. Expected higher prices can therefore raise current demand immediately."},{"text":"Current supply rises as firms bring production forward.","correct":false,"explanation":"The question concerns consumers’ current purchasing decisions. Expectations of higher future prices raise current demand, while any supply response is a separate producer decision."}]},{"id":"fe7962ea-e655-4713-b50e-7233f4a7c189","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How do lower interest rates affect demand for goods bought on credit?","back":"They raise demand by making borrowing cheaper and repayments more affordable.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They raise demand by making borrowing cheaper and repayments more affordable.","correct":true,"explanation":"Lower interest rates reduce the cost of borrowing and make loan repayments easier to manage, so households are more willing and able to buy goods purchased using credit."},{"text":"They reduce demand by making borrowing cheaper and repayments more affordable.","correct":false,"explanation":"Cheaper borrowing normally encourages credit-financed purchases rather than reducing them. The correct effect is higher demand, because lower repayments make these goods more affordable to consumers."},{"text":"They raise demand by making borrowing more expensive and repayments less affordable.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lower interest rates do not increase borrowing costs; they reduce them. The correct effect is higher demand because cheaper loans and lower repayments encourage purchases made on credit."},{"text":"They leave demand unchanged because interest rates only affect savers.","correct":false,"explanation":"Interest rates affect both saving and borrowing. The correct effect is higher demand for credit-financed goods, since lower rates reduce the cost of loans and repayments."}]},{"id":"133af6c2-8a2e-4cb3-aa52-7b7d703f0afb","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How do lower interest rates affect the attractiveness of saving?","back":"They make saving less rewarding, encouraging current spending.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They make saving less rewarding, encouraging current spending.","correct":true,"explanation":"Lower interest rates reduce the return earned on savings, making postponing consumption less attractive. Households may therefore spend more of their income currently instead of saving it."},{"text":"They make saving more rewarding, encouraging current spending.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lower interest rates reduce, rather than increase, the return on savings. The correct effect is that saving becomes less rewarding, while current spending is encouraged."},{"text":"They make saving less rewarding, discouraging current spending.","correct":false,"explanation":"The first part is correct, but the usual behavioural response is increased current spending. The correct answer links the lower return on saving with encouragement to consume now."},{"text":"They make saving more rewarding, discouraging current spending.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses both effects of lower interest rates. The return on saving falls, making saving less rewarding and encouraging households to increase current consumption."}]},{"id":"564dcfdb-b3f6-4f9f-b1a0-22f169ccaea3","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What determines the size of a demand-curve shift?","back":"How strongly buyers respond to the changed condition.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"How strongly buyers respond to the changed condition.","correct":true,"explanation":"The size of a demand shift depends on the strength of consumers’ response to a determinant such as income, tastes or interest rates. A stronger response produces a larger shift."},{"text":"How strongly sellers respond to the changed condition.","correct":false,"explanation":"This concerns supply responsiveness rather than demand. The correct determinant is how strongly buyers respond to the changed condition, because their reaction determines the new demand position."},{"text":"How much the product’s price changes.","correct":false,"explanation":"A price change usually causes movement along a demand curve, not a shift of the curve. The shift’s size depends on buyers’ response to the changed non-price condition."},{"text":"How quickly the market returns to equilibrium.","correct":false,"explanation":"The speed of restoring equilibrium affects adjustment, not the initial size of the demand shift. That size is determined by how strongly buyers respond to the changed condition."}]},{"id":"e53fa36f-f616-4ae6-ae18-660ed89d8c41","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Fashion can shift demand [ ], whereas demographic change acts gradually.","back":"Fashion can shift demand sharply and quickly, whereas demographic change acts gradually.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"sharply and quickly","correct":true,"explanation":"Fashion can alter tastes rapidly, causing consumers to change their preferences over a short period. This can produce a sharp demand shift, unlike demographic changes that usually happen gradually."},{"text":"slowly and gradually","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes the usual effect of demographic change, not fashion. Fashion trends can spread and change preferences rapidly, so the correct description is a sharp and quick demand shift."},{"text":"slightly and unpredictably","correct":false,"explanation":"Fashion may be difficult to predict, but its effect is not necessarily small. The key contrast is that fashion can shift demand sharply and quickly, while demographics change gradually."},{"text":"steadily and permanently","correct":false,"explanation":"Fashion trends are often temporary and can change rapidly rather than producing permanent shifts. The correct term is sharply and quickly, reflecting the speed and possible size of changing tastes."}]},{"id":"93fe3981-932f-4440-8860-3766ee164d62","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What determines whether a demand shift mainly affects price or quantity?","back":"The price elasticity of supply, reflecting how quickly firms can expand output.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The price elasticity of supply, reflecting how quickly firms can expand output.","correct":true,"explanation":"A highly elastic supply allows firms to increase output readily, so a demand increase mainly raises quantity. Inelastic supply limits output expansion, causing a larger price effect."},{"text":"The price elasticity of demand, reflecting how quickly firms can expand output.","correct":false,"explanation":"Demand elasticity concerns consumers’ response to price, not firms’ ability to change production. The correct factor is price elasticity of supply, which determines the price-quantity outcome."},{"text":"The income elasticity of demand, reflecting how quickly firms can expand output.","correct":false,"explanation":"Income elasticity measures how demand changes with income and does not determine firms’ short-run production response. Price elasticity of supply governs whether price or quantity changes more."},{"text":"The cross elasticity of demand, reflecting how quickly firms can expand output.","correct":false,"explanation":"Cross elasticity measures how demand for one product responds to another product’s price. The relevant determinant here is price elasticity of supply, because it reflects output flexibility."}]}]}],"examCountdown":null,"heading":"2.1.3 determinants of demand","title":"2.1.3 determinants of demand Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/international-a-level/economics/cie/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"18ea216c-10e5-414d-895e-ac2258b4e2e3","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]