The Circular Flow
The Circular Flow
The circular flow of income is the continuous movement of income and spending between households, firms, the government and, in an open economy, the rest of the world. One agent's spending becomes another agent's income, which keeps the flow moving. A closed economy excludes the rest of the world and therefore has no exports or imports; an open economy includes international trade through exports and imports.
Step-by-step lessons on CIE Intl A Level Economics 4.2.1 circular flow of income in a closed economy and an open economy. Each one builds up to exam-style questions.