A laboratory technician heats a small quantity of liquid ethanol in an unsealed, thin-walled copper cylinder until it boils and the cylinder is entirely filled with ethanol vapour.
Describe what happens to the motion and the average kinetic energy of the ethanol molecules as the liquid is heated to its boiling point.
Describe how the arrangement and spacing of the molecules in the ethanol vapour differ from those in the liquid ethanol.
The technician seals the cylinder air-tight with a metal cap and then plunges the cylinder into an ice bath. The cylinder rapidly crumples inwards. Explain, in terms of molecules and pressure, why the cylinder crumples.