An astronaut floating at rest in deep space throws a 3.2 kg3.2\text{ kg}3.2 kg tracking beacon horizontally away from themselves with a velocity of 4.5 m/s4.5\text{ m/s}4.5 m/s.
State the equation linking momentum, mass, and velocity.
Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the tracking beacon immediately after it is thrown. State the unit.
When the astronaut throws the tracking beacon forwards, they drift backwards in the opposite direction. Explain why they move in this direction.
The astronaut's spacesuit features a compressible memory-foam lining on the shoulders. Explain how this lining protects the astronaut's shoulder joint if they collide with the interior wall of the spacecraft.
