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Both are needed to communicate a physical measurement completely."},{"text":"A physics measurement is complete only with a number and a formula.","correct":false,"explanation":"A formula can describe a relationship but does not identify the measurement standard. A complete measurement requires a number for magnitude and a unit for meaning."},{"text":"A physics measurement is complete only with a instrument and a unit.","correct":false,"explanation":"An instrument is used to obtain a measurement, but it is not part of the reported result. The result must contain a number and a unit."},{"text":"A physics measurement is complete only with a scale and a dimension.","correct":false,"explanation":"A scale and a dimension may help describe how a measurement is obtained, but they do not form a complete result. A number and unit are required."}]},{"id":"caddaa56-895a-43f6-9671-249f08651446","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which SI unit symbol is used for mass?","back":"kg.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"kg.","correct":true,"explanation":"The kilogram is the SI base unit of mass, and its official unit symbol is kg, written in lowercase without a full word or plural ending."},{"text":"g.","correct":false,"explanation":"The gram is a mass unit, but the SI base unit used for mass is the kilogram. Its correct symbol is kg, not g."},{"text":"N.","correct":false,"explanation":"N is the symbol for the newton, the derived SI unit of force. Mass uses the SI base unit kilogram, with the symbol kg."},{"text":"lb.","correct":false,"explanation":"The pound is an imperial mass or weight unit rather than the SI base unit of mass. The required SI symbol is kg."}]},{"id":"0022219a-e208-48b9-99e5-0ad48149880f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which SI unit symbol is used for length or distance?","back":"m.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"m.","correct":true,"explanation":"The metre is the SI base unit of length and distance. Its unit symbol is the lowercase letter m, without a plural ending."},{"text":"kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"kg is the SI symbol for kilogram, which measures mass rather than length or distance. The SI symbol required for length is m."},{"text":"N.","correct":false,"explanation":"N represents the newton, the SI unit of force, rather than a unit of length. Length and distance use the metre symbol m."},{"text":"s.","correct":false,"explanation":"s is the SI symbol for the second, which measures time rather than length. The SI unit symbol for length or distance is m."}]},{"id":"30d0d584-77fb-424d-8577-8bfb2916afd5","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which SI unit symbol is used for time?","back":"s.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"s.","correct":true,"explanation":"The second is the SI base unit of time, and its official symbol is the lowercase letter s. Unit symbols are not pluralised."},{"text":"m.","correct":false,"explanation":"m is the SI symbol for metre, so it represents length rather than time. The SI base unit of time is the second, symbol s."},{"text":"h.","correct":false,"explanation":"h denotes the hour, which is commonly used but is not the SI base unit of time. The required SI symbol is s."},{"text":"min.","correct":false,"explanation":"min denotes minutes, a non-base unit of time. The SI base unit is the second, whose official unit symbol is s."}]},{"id":"e7f8cf66-e1b3-4231-9836-99296f87bd73","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Unit symbols are not pluralised: write 5 [ ], not 5 kgs.","back":"Unit symbols are not pluralised: write 5 kg, not 5 kgs.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"kg","correct":true,"explanation":"The SI symbol for kilogram is kg, and unit symbols do not take a plural s. Therefore, 5 kg is the correct notation."},{"text":"g","correct":false,"explanation":"The symbol g represents gram, not kilogram, so this would make the measurement 1,000 times smaller. The correct unit symbol for kilograms is kg."},{"text":"kJ","correct":false,"explanation":"kJ is the symbol for kilojoule, a unit of energy, not mass. The mass unit kilogram is written kg without a plural s."},{"text":"K","correct":false,"explanation":"K represents kelvin, the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It cannot represent kilograms, whose symbol is kg and is never pluralised."}]},{"id":"4b8695b4-5f19-46a8-80f5-63198f4ffca2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is m/s a derived unit?","back":"It combines metres and seconds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It combines metres and seconds.","correct":true,"explanation":"The unit m/s is formed by dividing the length unit metre by the time unit second. Combining base units in this way produces a derived unit."},{"text":"It combines kilometres and hours.","correct":false,"explanation":"Kilometres and hours form the different speed unit km/h, not m/s. The unit m/s specifically combines metres divided by seconds."},{"text":"It combines metres and kilograms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Metres and kilograms would combine length with mass, which does not produce the speed unit m/s. This unit combines metres with seconds."},{"text":"It combines metres and hours.","correct":false,"explanation":"Metres and hours would form m/h, not m/s. The denominator s represents seconds, so m/s combines metres and seconds."}]},{"id":"b5e9138c-01e7-4796-a584-0892136bd8c2","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"When quantities are multiplied or divided, their [ ] are multiplied or divided too.","back":"When quantities are multiplied or divided, their units are multiplied or divided too.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"units","correct":true,"explanation":"Units follow the same multiplication or division as their quantities. This rule allows derived units such as m/s for speed and kg/m³ for density."},{"text":"significant figures","correct":false,"explanation":"Significant figures control how precisely a result is reported, but they are not automatically multiplied or divided. The units follow the operation applied to the quantities."},{"text":"uncertainties","correct":false,"explanation":"Uncertainties require specific propagation rules and are not simply multiplied or divided in every calculation. It is the quantities’ units that undergo the same operation."},{"text":"measuring scales","correct":false,"explanation":"Measuring scales belong to instruments and do not take part in algebraic calculations. When quantities are multiplied or divided, their units are treated likewise."}]},{"id":"ab4d6ce7-54ec-4d6a-be27-d5a41be97001","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Distance in m divided by time in s gives what speed unit?","back":"m/s.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"m/s.","correct":true,"explanation":"Speed equals distance divided by time. Using metres for distance and seconds for time therefore produces metres per second, written m/s."},{"text":"km/h.","correct":false,"explanation":"km/h is a valid speed unit, but it results from kilometres divided by hours. Metres divided by seconds gives m/s unless the values are converted."},{"text":"m/s².","correct":false,"explanation":"m/s² is the unit of acceleration because time is squared in the denominator. Distance in metres divided once by time in seconds gives m/s."},{"text":"s/m.","correct":false,"explanation":"s/m represents time divided by distance, which is the reciprocal of speed. Distance divided by time gives the speed unit m/s."}]},{"id":"f3bfaa63-e0bf-4e78-a163-60b1ffb2d1ec","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"8 m/s means [ ] for each [ ].","back":"8 m/s means 8 metres for each second.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"8 m/s means 8 metres for each second.","correct":true,"explanation":"Metres per second means the distance travelled is measured in metres and the time taken is measured in seconds. The value 8 gives the distance covered every second."},{"text":"8 m/s means 8 seconds for each metre.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the units, giving time per distance rather than distance per time. The correct interpretation is 8 metres for each second, because speed is measured as distance divided by time."},{"text":"8 m/s means 8 metres for each minute.","correct":false,"explanation":"The value keeps the distance unit but changes the time unit from seconds to minutes. The prefix m/s specifically means metres per second, so the correct answer uses seconds."},{"text":"8 m/s means 8 kilometres for each second.","correct":false,"explanation":"The metre has been incorrectly changed to a kilometre, making the stated speed 1,000 times larger. The unit m/s means metres per second, not kilometres per second."}]},{"id":"2365ff8a-eaef-477e-b7bd-dc6e39e1eb6e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In 12 s, what does the symbol s mean?","back":"seconds.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"seconds.","correct":true,"explanation":"The symbol s is the SI symbol for seconds, the unit used to measure time. Therefore, in 12 s, the time is 12 seconds."},{"text":"metres","correct":false,"explanation":"Metres measure distance and use the symbol m, not s. In 12 s, the symbol s denotes seconds, the SI unit of time."},{"text":"minutes","correct":false,"explanation":"Minutes are a time unit but use min as their symbol. The symbol s specifically means seconds, so 12 s means 12 seconds."},{"text":"hours","correct":false,"explanation":"Hours measure time but are represented by h. The symbol s is reserved for seconds, so the correct interpretation is 12 seconds."}]},{"id":"d904676e-25c2-403c-88f2-4d82a7f91af8","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In the speed equation $v = s/t$, italic $s$ represents [ ].","back":"In the speed equation $v = s/t$, italic $s$ represents distance moved.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"distance moved","correct":true,"explanation":"In the speed equation, s is the distance moved and t is the time taken. Dividing distance moved by time gives speed."},{"text":"time taken","correct":false,"explanation":"Time taken is represented by t, the denominator in the equation. The symbol s represents distance moved, which is divided by time to calculate speed."},{"text":"speed","correct":false,"explanation":"Speed is represented by v, the quantity calculated by the equation. The s in the numerator represents distance moved, not speed."},{"text":"acceleration","correct":false,"explanation":"Acceleration describes the rate of change of velocity and is not represented by s here. In v = s/t, s means distance moved."}]},{"id":"01ffe4b7-a777-44d2-818f-33a07fb88851","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Change in velocity in m/s divided by time in s gives what acceleration unit?","back":"m/s².","mcqOptions":[{"text":"m/s².","correct":true,"explanation":"Acceleration is change in velocity divided by time, so its unit is (m/s)/s, which simplifies to m/s²."},{"text":"m/s","correct":false,"explanation":"m/s is the unit of velocity, not acceleration. Dividing a velocity unit by an additional second gives the acceleration unit m/s²."},{"text":"m²/s","correct":false,"explanation":"m²/s is not formed by dividing m/s by seconds; it introduces an extra metre instead. The correct acceleration unit is m/s²."},{"text":"N/kg","correct":false,"explanation":"N/kg is equivalent to m/s² in some contexts, but it is not the unit obtained in the stated calculation. Dividing m/s by s gives m/s²."}]},{"id":"2066e78a-bdb1-4a2e-9471-3b35bcc68731","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by [ ] every [ ].","back":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by 3 m/s every second.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by 3 m/s every second.","correct":true,"explanation":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means the velocity increases or decreases by 3 m/s during every 1 second interval."},{"text":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by 3 seconds every second.","correct":false,"explanation":"The acceleration value 3 m/s² describes a velocity change of 3 m/s, not 3 seconds. The correct statement is 3 m/s every second."},{"text":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by 1 m/s every 3 seconds.","correct":false,"explanation":"The time interval is one second, while 3 m/s is the velocity change. Swapping these quantities gives the wrong interpretation of m/s²."},{"text":"An acceleration of 3 m/s² means velocity changes by 1 m/s every second.","correct":false,"explanation":"A change of 1 m/s per second would represent an acceleration of 1 m/s², not 3 m/s². The correct velocity change is 3 m/s every second."}]},{"id":"cf528616-660e-488c-9154-56d0dc04e6ef","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In $a = (v-u)/t$, what does $v-u$ represent?","back":"The change in velocity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The change in velocity.","correct":true,"explanation":"Subtracting initial velocity u from final velocity v gives the change in velocity. This is the numerator used to calculate acceleration."},{"text":"The initial velocity.","correct":false,"explanation":"u represents the initial velocity, but v - u compares initial and final velocities. Their difference is the change in velocity, not the initial velocity alone."},{"text":"The final velocity.","correct":false,"explanation":"v represents the final velocity, but subtracting u removes the initial value. Therefore, v - u is the change in velocity."},{"text":"The time interval.","correct":false,"explanation":"t represents the time interval in the equation. The expression v - u subtracts velocities, so it represents the change in velocity."}]},{"id":"d39d9bef-09a6-44a2-ba0a-64b6ec355508","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What unit is force measured in?","back":"newton, N.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"newton, N.","correct":true,"explanation":"Force is measured in newtons, with the unit symbol N. A force of one newton produces a defined acceleration in a one-kilogram mass."},{"text":"joule, J","correct":false,"explanation":"A joule, J, measures energy or work, not force. The SI unit of force is the newton, written N."},{"text":"pascal, Pa","correct":false,"explanation":"A pascal, Pa, measures pressure, which is force per unit area. Force itself is measured in newtons, N."},{"text":"watt, W","correct":false,"explanation":"A watt, W, measures power, the rate of energy transfer. The unit for force is the newton, N."}]},{"id":"98ddb6bd-8e8e-4b24-a508-08a6ae892144","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What is 1 N in terms of mass and acceleration?","back":"Force giving a 1 kg mass 1 m/s² acceleration.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Force giving a 1 kg mass 1 m/s² acceleration.","correct":true,"explanation":"A newton is defined as the force needed to give a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s², so this combines the correct SI units and relationship."},{"text":"Force giving a 1 kg mass 1 m/s acceleration.","correct":false,"explanation":"The acceleration unit must contain seconds squared, not seconds alone. The correct definition is force giving a 1 kg mass 1 m/s² acceleration."},{"text":"Force giving a 1 N mass 1 m/s² acceleration.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mass is measured in kilograms, not newtons; newtons measure force. The correct definition uses a 1 kg mass and 1 m/s² acceleration."},{"text":"Force giving a 1 kg mass 1 m/s² speed.","correct":false,"explanation":"A newton is defined using acceleration, not speed. The correct relationship is force giving a 1 kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s²."}]},{"id":"152f5832-5a61-4e1f-a31c-975351261334","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What unit is gravitational field strength $g$ measured in?","back":"N/kg.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"N/kg.","correct":true,"explanation":"Gravitational field strength is force per unit mass, so its unit is newtons per kilogram, written N/kg."},{"text":"kg/N.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses force per mass into mass per force. Gravitational field strength is measured in N/kg because it is calculated using weight divided by mass."},{"text":"J/kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"J/kg is a unit of specific energy, not gravitational field strength. The field strength unit is N/kg because it describes force acting on each kilogram."},{"text":"N/m.","correct":false,"explanation":"N/m describes force per distance in contexts such as spring stiffness. Gravitational field strength is force per mass, so the correct unit is N/kg."}]},{"id":"0b6e3cd0-a15c-4cd2-a22f-b1dc5eae0d71","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each [ ] of [ ].","back":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each kilogram of mass.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each kilogram of mass.","correct":true,"explanation":"Gravitational field strength describes the gravitational force acting on each kilogram of mass, giving the unit N/kg and the relationship $g = \\frac{F}{m}$."},{"text":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each gram of mass.","correct":false,"explanation":"Using grams instead of kilograms gives the wrong standard unit and numerical scale. Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each kilogram of mass."},{"text":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each kilogram of weight.","correct":false,"explanation":"Weight is already a force, whereas field strength relates gravitational force to mass. The correct statement refers to each kilogram of mass."},{"text":"Gravitational field strength is the force of gravity on each metre of mass.","correct":false,"explanation":"Metres measure distance, not the amount of matter being acted on. The correct definition is the force of gravity on each kilogram of mass."}]},{"id":"38351812-6374-4be4-8c0b-3fe6184c9715","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is weight measured in N, not kg?","back":"Weight is a force caused by gravity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Weight is a force caused by gravity.","correct":true,"explanation":"Weight is the force caused by a gravitational field, so it is measured in newtons. Mass is the quantity measured in kilograms."},{"text":"Weight is a mass caused by gravity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Gravity causes a force called weight; it does not create mass. Mass is measured in kilograms, while weight is measured in newtons."},{"text":"Weight is an energy caused by gravity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Gravitational potential energy is energy associated with position, whereas weight is the gravitational force acting on an object and is measured in newtons."},{"text":"Weight is an acceleration caused by gravity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Gravitational field strength is an acceleration-equivalent quantity, but weight is the resulting force on a mass. Therefore weight is measured in newtons."}]},{"id":"b6ae88d5-8ae6-405c-bfc6-ece12d5ad866","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 500 g into kilograms.","back":"0.500 kg.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"0.500 kg.","correct":true,"explanation":"There are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram, so divide 500 g by 1000. This gives 0.500 kg, with the trailing zero showing the stated precision."},{"text":"0.0500 kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by 10 000 instead of 1000, making the result ten times too small. Converting 500 g requires division by 1000, giving 0.500 kg."},{"text":"5.00 kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"This effectively divides by 100 rather than 1000, making the result ten times too large. The correct conversion is 500 ÷ 1000 = 0.500 kg."},{"text":"500 kg.","correct":false,"explanation":"The numerical value must decrease when grams are converted to the larger kilogram unit. Dividing 500 by 1000 gives the correct result, 0.500 kg."}]},{"id":"04b67771-4e1b-4a98-8347-a4ce2aaf63a5","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 100 cm into metres.","back":"1 m.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1 m.","correct":true,"explanation":"One metre contains 100 centimetres, so converting 100 cm to metres means dividing by 100. The result is 1 m."},{"text":"0.1 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"This divides by 1000 instead of 100, making the result ten times too small. Since 100 cm make 1 m, the correct answer is 1 m."},{"text":"10 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats 10 centimetres as though they made a metre, making the result ten times too large. The conversion factor is 100 cm per metre."},{"text":"1000 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"The factor 1000 applies when converting metres to millimetres, not centimetres to metres. Dividing 100 cm by 100 gives 1 m."}]},{"id":"9e2865f5-9e44-4bb8-8060-a698d84a6789","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Convert 1 km into metres.","back":"1000 m.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"1000 m.","correct":true,"explanation":"The prefix kilo- means 1000, so 1 kilometre is equal to 1000 metres."},{"text":"100 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"This misses one factor of ten in the kilo- prefix. One kilometre contains 1000 metres, not 100 metres."},{"text":"10 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"This treats kilo- as though it meant ten. In SI units, kilo- means 1000, so 1 km equals 1000 m."},{"text":"0.001 m.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is the conversion from metres to kilometres, not kilometres to metres. Converting 1 km into the smaller metre unit gives 1000 m."}]},{"id":"42d22110-baa0-4854-84e6-2552c9a607e4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Force in N multiplied by perpendicular distance in m gives what moment unit?","back":"Nm.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Nm.","correct":true,"explanation":"A moment is calculated as force multiplied by perpendicular distance, so its unit is newton metres, written Nm."},{"text":"N/m.","correct":false,"explanation":"N/m represents force divided by distance, not force multiplied by distance. Multiplying newtons by metres gives the moment unit Nm."},{"text":"N m².","correct":false,"explanation":"The distance is used once in the moment calculation, so its unit contributes only one metre. The correct unit is Nm, not N m²."},{"text":"J/s.","correct":false,"explanation":"J/s is equivalent to a watt, the unit of power. A moment comes from force times perpendicular distance and is measured in Nm."}]},{"id":"634e5473-f221-4701-897b-09f313b1bdad","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In Nm, are newtons multiplied by or divided by metres?","back":"Multiplied.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Multiplied.","correct":true,"explanation":"A newton-metre is formed by multiplying the force in newtons by the distance in metres, so its unit is written Nm."},{"text":"Divided.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dividing newtons by metres gives the unit N/m, used for quantities such as spring stiffness, not Nm. New metres are multiplied by newtons."},{"text":"Added.","correct":false,"explanation":"Units are not added to form a newton-metre. The joule, equivalent to Nm, is calculated by multiplying force by distance."},{"text":"Subtracted.","correct":false,"explanation":"Subtracting metres from newtons is not a valid way to combine these units. A newton-metre is produced when newtons are multiplied by metres."}]},{"id":"58b6afd8-0dae-4e25-a592-f39c6d0af0a2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Mass in kg multiplied by velocity in m/s gives what momentum unit?","back":"kg m/s.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"kg m/s.","correct":true,"explanation":"Momentum equals mass multiplied by velocity, so multiplying kg by m/s gives the unit kg m/s."},{"text":"kg m/s².","correct":false,"explanation":"This unit is equivalent to a newton and measures force. Momentum uses mass multiplied by velocity, giving kg m/s without the extra time factor."},{"text":"kg m²/s.","correct":false,"explanation":"The additional metre comes from multiplying by distance as well as velocity. Momentum only combines mass in kg with velocity in m/s, giving kg m/s."},{"text":"kg/s.","correct":false,"explanation":"This omits the metre from velocity, effectively treating speed as a rate of mass flow. Momentum includes velocity in m/s, so the correct unit is kg m/s."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-25","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Units","title":"Units Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/igcse/physics/edexcel/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"4f2b517c-af19-5291-9db8-3bf5cf153750","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]