A regional electricity grid suffers a sudden loss of 12,000 MW12{,}000\text{ MW}12,000 MW of imported power when a primary subsea interconnector fails. The grid operator must immediately deploy standby energy resources to prevent blackouts across the network.
Type of standby resourceMaximum power output (MW)Time to reach maximum powerRelative running costBattery storage facility120<1 secondlowPumped storage hydroelectric150020 secondsnoneOpen-cycle gas turbine (OCGT)200010 minuteshighCombined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT)25004 hoursmediumCoal-fired power station300024 hourshigh \begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|}\hline\textbf{Type of standby resource} & \textbf{Maximum power output (MW)} & \textbf{Time to reach maximum power} & \textbf{Relative running cost} \\\hline\text{Battery storage facility} & 120 & < 1 \text{ second} & \text{low} \\\hline\text{Pumped storage hydroelectric} & 1500 & 20 \text{ seconds} & \text{none} \\\hline\text{Open-cycle gas turbine (OCGT)} & 2000 & 10 \text{ minutes} & \text{high} \\\hline\text{Combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT)} & 2500 & 4 \text{ hours} & \text{medium} \\\hline\text{Coal-fired power station} & 3000 & 24 \text{ hours} & \text{high} \\\hline\end{array} Type of standby resourceBattery storage facilityPumped storage hydroelectricOpen-cycle gas turbine (OCGT)Combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT)Coal-fired power stationMaximum power output (MW)1201500200025003000Time to reach maximum power<1 second20 seconds10 minutes4 hours24 hoursRelative running costlownonehighmediumhighUsing only information in the table, evaluate which types of standby resource would be the most suitable to meet this sudden deficit in power.
