One end of an iron rod is heated to a high temperature.
Which mechanism(s) is/are responsible for the conduction of thermal energy to the cool end of the rod?
The vibrations of iron ions in the lattice only
The diffusion of free electrons only
Both the vibrations of iron ions in the lattice and the diffusion of free electrons
The bulk movement of iron ions from the hot to the cool end
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.