An electronic component inside a satellite generates heat. The component is mounted onto a solid metal bracket. The outer surface of this metal bracket is exposed directly to the vacuum of outer space. As the component operates, heat is transferred away from it and eventually escapes into space.
How does this thermal energy travel from the component through the metal bracket, and then from the bracket's surface into space?
by convection then radiation
by conduction then radiation
by radiation then conduction
by conduction then convection
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.