In an industrial storage tank containing liquid, a cooling coil can be fitted either at the top or at the bottom. A heating element can also be fitted either at the top or at the bottom. Which of the following configurations shows the best positions for both to establish effective convection currents throughout the liquid?
Cooling coil at the top; heating element at the bottom
Cooling coil at the top; heating element at the top
Cooling coil at the bottom; heating element at the bottom
Cooling coil at the bottom; heating element at the top
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.