In winter, birds often puff up their feathers to stay warm. How does puffing up their feathers help a bird to reduce heat loss?
Air can circulate more freely between the feathers and heat up the skin by convection.
Air trapped by the feathers reduces heat loss from the skin by preventing convection currents.
The puffed-up feathers increase the rate of heat conduction away from the skin.
The feathers conduct heat energy from the cold surrounding air to the warmer skin.
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.