A copper rod is heated at end A. Which statement best explains how thermal energy is conducted from end A to end B?
Energy is transferred by the vibration of metal ions and the diffusion of free electrons.
Energy is transferred by the vibration of metal ions only.
Energy is transferred by the movement of metal ions and the vibration of free electrons.
Energy is transferred by the diffusion of free electrons only.
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.