In cold weather, a bird fluffs up its feathers to help it stay warm.
How does fluffing its feathers help the bird to stay warm?
Air can circulate between the feathers and heat up the skin by convection.
Air trapped by the feathers reduces heat loss from the skin by convection.
The feathers are thicker so they conduct heat away from the skin more quickly.
The feathers conduct heat to the skin from the air outside.
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.