A liquid-in-glass thermometer is calibrated using two standard fixed points.
State the names of the two physical processes of pure water at standard pressure that define these two standard fixed points.
State the numerical values (including units) of these two fixed points on the Celsius scale.
A student heats water in a glass beaker using a burner placed under one side of the beaker.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct word from the options below:
Thermal energy moves through the solid glass beaker by ______________.
Describe how thermal energy is then transferred throughout the water in the beaker. Include your ideas about density changes and the movement of the water.
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.