A girl holds her hands directly above a steaming mug of hot cocoa to warm them without touching the mug or the drink. In which ways does thermal energy (heat) from the hot cocoa reach her hands?
conduction and convection only
conduction and radiation only
convection and radiation only
conduction, convection, and radiation
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.