A chef is grilling food on an open charcoal barbecue. They hold a long solid steel skewer with one end placed in the hot coals. The chef's hand is positioned horizontally to the side of the grill and begins to feel hot. By which methods does thermal energy (heat) from the hot coals reach the chef's hand?
conduction and convection only
conduction and radiation only
convection and radiation only
conduction, convection, and radiation
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.