An electric heater is used to keep the water in an aquarium warm. To ensure that all of the water is heated as efficiently and evenly as possible, where should the heater be placed?
near the surface of the water
near the bottom of the tank
on the side wall near the top
floating in the upper half
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.