An aluminum kettle containing water is placed on a heating hob. Aluminum is a metal.
Thermal energy is conducted through all solids by lattice vibrations. Describe one other way in which thermal energy is conducted through the aluminum.
The outside surface of the kettle is highly polished so that it is shiny. Explain one advantage of keeping this surface shiny in terms of conserving thermal energy.
Thermal energy passes into the water through the base of the kettle. Identify the main method by which thermal energy is transferred throughout the water.
301 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.3 Transfer of thermal energy, covering 2.3.1a Thermal conductors and thermal insulators, 2.3.1b Explaining thermal conduction, 2.3.2 Convection, 2.3.3a Thermal radiation, 2.3.3b Surface colour and texture, 2.3.3c Rate of emission and absorption of radiation, and 2.3.4 Consequences of thermal energy transfer. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.