Compare the arrangement and motion of the molecules in ice (solid) and in liquid water.
An outdoor decorative pond has a surface area of 600 m2600\text{ m}^2600 m2. During a cold night, a layer of ice of thickness 0.050 m0.050\text{ m}0.050 m forms on the surface. The density of ice is 920 kg/m3920\text{ kg/m}^3920 kg/m3.
Calculate the mass of the ice layer on the pond.
The ice is at 0∘C0^\circ\text{C}0∘C. To form this ice layer, water at 0∘C0^\circ\text{C}0∘C on the surface of the pond was frozen. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3×105 J/kg3.3 \times 10^5\text{ J/kg}3.3×105 J/kg. Calculate the energy removed from the water to freeze it into ice at 0∘C0^\circ\text{C}0∘C.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.