During evaporation, the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases. Which of the following statements correctly explains this cooling effect?
The escaping molecules collide with air molecules, transferring kinetic energy back to the liquid.
The molecules with the highest kinetic energy escape from the surface, leaving behind molecules with a lower average kinetic energy.
The intermolecular bonds between the remaining liquid molecules strengthen, releasing heat to the surroundings.
The molecules that escape have lower kinetic energy than the average, raising the average energy of those left behind.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.