An electric fryer contains 1200 g1200\text{ g}1200 g of cooking oil at 20∘C20^\circ\text{C}20∘C. The heating element in the fryer operates at a voltage of 240 V240\text{ V}240 V with a current of 11 A11\text{ A}11 A. The specific heat capacity of the oil is 2200 J/(kg⋅∘C)2200\text{ J}/(\text{kg}\cdot^\circ\text{C})2200 J/(kg⋅∘C).
Calculate the time taken for the temperature of the oil to rise to 170∘C170^\circ\text{C}170∘C.
State one assumption you made in your calculation in (a)(i).
Describe an experiment to demonstrate how the surface texture and color of a container affect the rate at which it emits thermal radiation. In your description, include the key apparatus used, the procedure, the measurements recorded, and the expected conclusion.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.