A beaker of liquid ethanol is heated on an electric hotplate. As thermal energy is constantly supplied, the ethanol boils and its temperature remains constant at 78∘C78^\circ\text{C}78∘C.
State two differences between boiling and evaporation.
Explain, in terms of ethanol molecules, what happens to the thermal energy supplied to the liquid while it is boiling.
Describe an experiment to measure the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. Describe the apparatus used, the measurements taken, and how the result is calculated.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.