The temperature of the water at the bottom of a waterfall is greater than the temperature of the water at the top because the gravitational potential energy of the water at the top is transferred to its thermal store at the bottom.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 ∘C−14200\text{ J kg}^{-1}\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}^{-1}4200 J kg−1 ∘C−1 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m s-2.
What is the temperature increase of the water for a waterfall of height 150 m?
0.036 ∘C0.036\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}0.036 ∘C
0.35 ∘C0.35\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}0.35 ∘C
3.5 ∘C3.5\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}3.5 ∘C
35 ∘C35\text{ }^{\circ}\text{C}35 ∘C
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.