A solid copper block is transported on a conveyor with solid steel rollers after leaving an industrial furnace.
The mass of the copper block is 950 kg950\text{ kg}950 kg. It is heated in the furnace from 15∘C15^\circ\text{C}15∘C to 515∘C515^\circ\text{C}515∘C without melting. The specific heat capacity of copper is 390 J/(kg∘C)390\text{ J}/(\text{kg}^\circ\text{C})390 J/(kg∘C).
Calculate the thermal energy gained by the block in the furnace.
A factory worker is standing 4 m4\text{ m}4 m away from the hot copper block. State and explain the main process by which thermal energy is transferred from the block to the worker.
State and explain the main process by which thermal energy is transferred from the outer surface of the solid steel rollers to their interior.
528 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2 Thermal properties and temperature, covering 2.2.1 Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, 2.2.2a Internal energy and temperature, 2.2.2b Specific heat capacity, 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification, 2.2.3b Evaporation, and 2.2.3c Cooling by evaporation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.