In a Rutherford α\alphaα-particle scattering experiment, a beam of α\alphaα-particles is directed at a thin metal foil in a vacuum. It is observed that the vast majority of the α\alphaα-particles pass straight through the foil with virtually no deflection.
Which of the following is the direct conclusion from this specific observation?
The nucleus of the atom contains neutrons.
Most of the volume of an atom consists of empty space.
The nucleus of the atom has a positive charge.
Electrons are distributed uniformly throughout a sphere of positive charge.
284 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 5.1 The nuclear model of the atom, covering 5.1.1a Structure of the atom and ions, 5.1.1b Alpha-particle scattering, 5.1.2a Composition of the nucleus and isotopes, 5.1.2b Proton number, nucleon number and nuclide notation, and 5.1.2c Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.