In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, a beam of α\alphaα-particles is directed at a thin gold foil. Only a very small fraction of the α\alphaα-particles are deflected through angles greater than 90∘90^\circ90∘.
Which of the following best explains why this small fraction of α\alphaα-particles is deflected back towards the source?
They experience strong electrostatic repulsion from the concentrated positive charge of the massive gold nuclei.
They are attracted by the strong nuclear force of the gold nuclei.
They collide with and are repelled by the orbital electrons of the gold atoms.
They experience gravitational repulsion from the massive gold nuclei.
284 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 5.1 The nuclear model of the atom, covering 5.1.1a Structure of the atom and ions, 5.1.1b Alpha-particle scattering, 5.1.2a Composition of the nucleus and isotopes, 5.1.2b Proton number, nucleon number and nuclide notation, and 5.1.2c Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.