The nuclear model
The nuclear model

Everything around you is made from atoms, and an atom is the smallest part of an element that can still be identified as that element. In the nuclear model, an atom has a tiny positive nucleus at the centre and negative electrons around it.
Step-by-step lessons on CIE IGCSE Physics 5.1.1a Structure of the atom and ions. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in mechanics and electricity before tackling the more mathematically demanding astrophysics and nuclear topics.