State a comparison of: (i) the arrangement of the atoms in solid lead and in liquid lead, (ii) the movement of the atoms in solid lead and in liquid lead.
A factory casts a lead keel with a mass of 1200 kg1200\text{ kg}1200 kg. (i) The density of solid lead is 11300 kg/m311300\text{ kg/m}^311300 kg/m3. Calculate the volume of the lead keel.
volume = ...............................
(ii) To cast the keel, molten lead at its melting point of 327∘C327^\circ\text{C}327∘C is poured into a mold and then solidifies. The specific latent heat of fusion of lead is 2.5×104 J/kg2.5 \times 10^4\text{ J/kg}2.5×104 J/kg. Calculate the quantity of thermal energy released from the lead to solidify it at its melting point.
energy = ...................
The high temperature of the molten lead is monitored by a sensor made of wires of two different metals connected to a remote voltmeter. The junction of the two wires is placed in contact with the molten metal. State the name of this type of thermometer.
thermometer = ...............................
313 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 2.2.3a Melting, boiling, condensation and solidification. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.