A ray of light travels from medium 1 (with refractive index n1n_1n1) towards the boundary with medium 2 (with refractive index n2n_2n2). The angle of incidence in medium 1 is θi \theta_i\,θi and the critical angle for the boundary is θc\theta_cθc.
Which set of conditions is necessary for total internal reflection to occur at the boundary?
n1<n2n_1 < n_2n1<n2 and θi<θc\theta_i < \theta_cθi<θc
n1<n2n_1 < n_2n1<n2 and θi>θc\theta_i > \theta_cθi>θc
n1>n2n_1 > n_2n1>n2 and θi<θc\theta_i < \theta_cθi<θc
n1>n2n_1 > n_2n1>n2 and θi>θc\theta_i > \theta_cθi>θc
216 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 3.2 Light, covering 3.2.1a Reflection of light, 3.2.1b Images in a plane mirror, 3.2.2 Refraction of light, 3.2.2a Refraction of light, 3.2.2b Total internal reflection, 3.2.2c Refractive index and critical angle, 3.2.2d Optical fibres, 3.2.3a Converging and diverging lenses, 3.2.3b Ray diagrams and the nature of images, 3.2.3c Virtual images and the magnifying glass, 3.2.3d Correcting long-sightedness and short-sightedness, and 3.2.4 Dispersion of light. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.