A mechanic uses a wrench to loosen a tight bolt on a vehicle wheel. A perpendicular force F F\,F is applied at the end of the wrench handle at a distance d d\,d from the pivot (the center of the bolt).
Which of the following changes would allow the mechanic to loosen the bolt with a smaller force FFF?
By using a wrench with a longer handle (increasing ddd).
By using a wrench with a shorter handle (decreasing ddd).
By using a wrench with a thicker handle.
By applying the force at an angle of 30∘30^\circ30∘ to the handle instead of perpendicular.
245 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 1.5 Forces, covering 1.5.1a Forces, resultant force and motion, 1.5.1b Load–extension graphs and the spring constant, 1.5.1c Friction and drag, 1.5.1d Force, mass and acceleration, 1.5.1e Motion in a circular path, 1.5.2a Moment of a force, 1.5.2b Principle of moments and equilibrium, and 1.5.3 Centre of gravity and stability. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.