The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a battery is 12.0 V.
What does this mean?
12.0 J12.0\text{ J}12.0 J is the maximum energy the battery can provide in 1.0 s1.0\text{ s}1.0 s.
12.0 J12.0\text{ J}12.0 J is the total electrical energy stored in the battery.
12.0 J12.0\text{ J}12.0 J of energy is provided by the battery to drive a charge of 1.0 C1.0\text{ C}1.0 C around a complete circuit.
12.0 J12.0\text{ J}12.0 J of energy is provided by the battery to drive a current of 1.0 A1.0\text{ A}1.0 A around a complete circuit.
452 exam-style questions on CIE IGCSE Physics 4.2 Electrical quantities, covering 4.2.1a Positive and negative charge, 4.2.1b Charging by friction and detecting charge, 4.2.1c Electrical conductors and insulators, 4.2.1d Electric fields and electric field patterns, 4.2.2a Electric current, charge and measuring current, 4.2.2b Conduction in metals and the direction of current, 4.2.2c Direct current and alternating current, 4.2.3a Electromotive force, 4.2.3b Potential difference and voltmeters, 4.2.4a Resistance, 4.2.4b Resistance of a metallic wire, 4.2.4c Current–voltage graphs, and 4.2.5 Electrical energy and electrical power. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.