A student is investigating the insulating properties of different materials used to wrap beakers of hot water. The student wants to find out which material is the most effective thermal insulator. Plan an experiment to compare how well five different insulating wrapping materials keep water warm. The following apparatus is available to the student:

• five different wrapping materials (bubble wrap, felt, paper, foil, cotton)
• beakers
• supply of hot water
• scissors and adhesive tape. Other apparatus normally available in a school laboratory can also be used. In your plan:
• list any additional apparatus required
• explain briefly how you do the investigation, including the measurements you take
• state the key variables to be kept constant
• draw a suitable table, with column headings, to show how to display your readings (you are not required to enter any readings in the table)
• explain how you use the results to reach a conclusion.