Current, p.d. and how to measure them
Current, p.d. and how to measure them

Electric circuits link three key quantities: current III, potential difference VVV, and resistance RRR. Current is the rate of flow of charge, p.d. is energy transferred per unit charge, and resistance is how much a component opposes the current.
Step-by-step lessons on CIE IGCSE Physics 4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build a strong foundation in mechanics and electricity before tackling the more mathematically demanding astrophysics and nuclear topics.